低涡与急流对"04.9"川东暴雨影响的分析与数值模拟   总被引：23，自引：11，他引：12  

何光碧  陈静  李川  冯汉中 《高原气象》2005,24(6):1012-1023

2004年9月3日～5日川东出现了大范围的强暴雨过程,本文分析了这次暴雨过程的云图特征和环流形势,并利用MM5中尺度数值模式对本次暴雨进行了二重嵌套模拟,分析及模拟结果表明,本次降水过程与中尺度云团、高低空急流和对流层中低层涡旋活动密切相关,同时还与副热带高压活动和“桑达”台风活动相关。盆地涡出现在低空急流的左侧,而川东强降水发生在高空急流的南面、低涡东南侧与西南低空急流大风出口区之问。盆地正涡度维持有利于盆地上空垂直上升运动的发展和维持,对暴雨的发生提供了动力条件。垂直上升运动是高低空急流和盆地涡联系的纽带,也是盆地涡动力驱动的结果。分析结果还表明,西南低空急流在暴雨出现前建立,暴雨和盆地涡同时出现,而暴雨、低空急流和盆地涡几乎同时减弱。高空急流在过程前和过程中是逐步加大,当高空急流出现剧减时,预示暴雨即将结束。  相似文献   

Stonehenge—a unique Late Cretaceous phosphatic Chalk geology: implications for sea-level,climate and tectonics and impact on engineering and archaeology     

《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2017,128(4):564-598

Ground investigations for the A303 Stonehenge Tunnels revealed a unique and complex Chalk geology including the presence of the thickest (>20 m thick), and previously unknown phosphatic chalks in England, partly filling fault controlled erosional channels. The use of natural gamma-ray borehole logs to determine the presence and thickness of the phosphatic deposits is of particular value and combined with the lithostratigraphy, macrofossil and nannofossil biostratigraphy from cores has, for the first time, accurately constrained the Coniacian to Santonian age and the lenticular geometry of such deposits. Four phosphatic chalk events between 88.5–86.5 Ma are recognised associated with synsedimentary faulting. We suggest a causal link between tectonics, subsidence and channel-formation, phosphatisation events, pulses of oceanic upwelling on a frequency of about 0.5 million years to mantle-controlled plate tectonic episodes. The implications of this geology for construction of the A303 and the archaeology of the area are discussed.  相似文献   

塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地人工绿地中心区域与边缘地带小气候   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

金莉莉  李振杰  何清  霍文  杨帆  杨兴华 《中国沙漠》2017,37(5):986-996

利用2013年8月至2014年7月塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地人工绿地中心和边缘地带气温、相对湿度、气压、风速和风向资料,对比分析了绿地中心和边缘地带的小气候特征。结果表明：该区域局地小气候主要体现在风速和春、夏、秋季湿度上,而气温和冬季湿度分别主要受逆温和逆湿的影响。白天,绿地中心区域的气温与边缘地带相差较小,但夜间二者相差较大;1月、4月、7月、10月夜间因近地层80 m内存在明显逆温现象,边缘地带所处地势较高,气温比中心区域高0.1~8.3℃、0.3~4.1℃、0.4~4.2℃、0.5~8.4℃。绿地中心区域3-10月湿度明显高于边缘地带,塔中本站湿度比西沙梁高0.3~1.8 g·kg^-1、比东沙梁高0.7~3.5 g·kg^-1,体现了绿化带增加湿度的作用,但1月因近地层80 m内具有明显逆湿现象,绿地中心区域湿度比边缘地带小。绿地中心区域和边缘地带3-10月风速较大,12月至次年2月风速较小;绿地中心区域风速明显小于边缘地带,塔中本站日平均最大风速比边缘地带约高0.5~1.0 m·s^-1,体现了植被对风速的减弱作用。  相似文献   

STUDY ON THE PHYSICAL PROCESS OF WINTER VALLEY FOG IN XISHUANGBANNA REGION   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李子华  黄建平  黄玉生  杨志勇  王强 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1999,(4)

Xishuangbanna of Yunnan Province is a famous tropical foggy region. A field experiment wascarried out from November 23 to 30 of 1997 during which fogs occurred regularly every day. In thepaper the characteristics of macrostructure of fog are analyzed and the physical processes offormation and dissipation of fog are studied. The results show that the Xishuangbanna valley fogforms firstly in the lower atmosphere with two-layer structures and then develops suddenly in thevertical direction after reaching the ground. Furthermore, the vegetation effect on the formationand dissipation of fog is discussed specially.  相似文献   

STUDY ON THE PHYSICAL PROCESS OF WINTER VALLEY FOG IN XISHUANGBANNA REGION^*          下载免费PDF全文

Li Zihu  Huang Jianping  Huang Yusheng  Yang Zhiyong  Wang Qiang 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1999,13(4):494-508

Xishuangbanna of Yunnan Province is a famous tropical foggy region.A field experiment was carried out from November 23 to 30 of 1997 during which fogs occurred regularly every day.In the paper the characteristics of macrostructure of fog are analyzed and the physical processes of formation and dissipation of fog are studied.The results show that the Xishuangbanna valley fog forms firstly in the lower atmosphere with two-layer structures and then develops suddenly in the vertical direction after reaching the ground.Furthermore,the vegetation effect on the formation and dissipation of fog is discussed specially.  相似文献   

抚仙湖历史水位反演与未来30年水位变化预测     

李加龙  李慧赟  罗潋葱  龚发露  张如枫  刘凤龙  吴松涛  罗碧瑜 《湖泊科学》2022,34(3):958-971

在极端气候事件频发和人类活动加剧的背景下,抚仙湖水位波动显著,尤其是2009—2012年极端干旱事件的发生,使抚仙湖平均水位（1721.31 m）低于法定最低水位（1721.65 m）,给生态环境安全带来严重威胁.因此,找到合适有效的湖泊水位模拟方法,对气候变化影响下的未来水位进行预测,并做好相应的应对准备,对湖泊生态系统的保护至关重要.本文运用DYRESM水动力模型对抚仙湖1959—2050年水位进行了模拟.因抚仙湖流域尚无长时间序列的历史水文观测数据,故利用模型和水量补偿法对抚仙湖入湖水量进行反推,构建了降水量-入湖水量的回归方程,并通过有效的实测入湖水量和水位数据,对回归方程的精度进行了检验.利用全球气候模式BCC-CSM2-MR中SSP245和SSP585两种情景提供的未来气候预估数据,运用DYRESM预测了抚仙湖2021—2050年水位变化趋势.结果表明：（1）构建的DYRESM水动力模型和降水-入湖水量回归方程精度较高,模型结果能很好地反映抚仙湖水位的年际和年内变化趋势,且能有效捕捉到抚仙湖的水位峰值.（2）在SSP245和SSP585两种情景下,抚仙湖2021—2050年多年平均水位分别为1722.98和1723.93 m,较1959—2017年平均水位1721.77 m分别升高1.21和2.16 m.两种情景下抚仙湖未来水位均有部分时段超过法定最高蓄水位（1723.35 m）,但均高于法定最低水位.因此,未来气候变化对抚仙湖水量的影响有限,并不会导致水位过低,当水位超过法定最高蓄水位时,可通过控制出流闸门将水位调节在合理范围内.  相似文献   

太湖藻源溶解性有机质光化学降解研究   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

孙伟  巩小丽  陈煜  郑建伟  李琪  杜瑛珣 《湖泊科学》2018,30(1):91-101

蓝藻水华暴发过程会产生大量的溶解性有机质——藻源溶解性有机质(A-DOM);A-DOM的光化学降解影响其迁移转化和在湖泊中的功能.本研究从太湖藻华中提取A-DOM,利用三维荧光光谱-平行因子分析法(EEMsPARAFAC),研究A-DOM中各组分的光化学降解;再研究不同光照强度、溶解氧浓度、A-DOM浓度、波长对A-DOM的降解的影响.结果显示,A-DOM中含有4种EEMs-PARAFAC组分:C1(UVC类腐殖质)、C2(UVA类腐殖质)、C3(类色氨酸)和C4(类络氨酸),对总荧光强度的贡献比例分别为22.2%、8.6%、68.1%和1.1%.当DOC初始浓度为10 mg/L、反应温度为28℃、pH=8.0时,经500 W汞灯(391.7 W/m~2)光照12 h,A-DOM的总光化学降解率(以a_(355)计)为70.4%;荧光组分C1、C2和C3的降解率分别为96.1%、85.4%和99.2%,三者的光反应性为C3C1C2.条件控制实验显示溶解氧的增加和光强的增强均有助于A-DOM的降解;A-DOM光化学降解主要发生在紫外区,可见光不能使C1和C2得到降解.结果表明A-DOM的光化学降解速度较快,且能通过控制光强、照射光波长和引入溶解氧等条件控制降解速度.实验结果可为湖泊蓝藻水华暴发时的应急处理和保障饮用水安全提供理论依据.  相似文献   

On the morphology of outbursts of accreting millisecond X-ray pulsar Aquila X-1     

《New Astronomy》2017

We present the X-ray light curves of the last two outbursts – 2014 & 2016 – of the well known accreting millisecond X-ray pulsar (AMXP) Aquila X-1 using the monitor of all sky X-ray image (MAXI) observations in the 2–20 keV band. After calibrating the MAXI count rates to the all-sky monitor (ASM) level, we report that the 2016 outburst is the most energetic event of Aql X-1, ever observed from this source. We show that 2016 outburst is a member of the long-high class according to the classification presented by Güngör et al. with ∼ 68 cnt/s maximum flux and ∼ 60 days duration time and the previous outburst, 2014, belongs to the short-low class with ∼ 25 cnt/s maximum flux and ∼ 30 days duration time. In order to understand differences between outbursts, we investigate the possible dependence of the peak intensity to the quiescent duration leading to the outburst and find that the outbursts following longer quiescent episodes tend to reach higher peak energetic.  相似文献   

1521号台风“杜鹃”生成阶段中尺度对流系统和降水演变特征     

王科  陈光华  吕欣宇  李兴良 《大气科学》2021,45(1):73-87

在热带气旋的生成过程中,从热带扰动向热带低压增强的过程研究较少,而这一过程必定伴随着中尺度对流系统（MCS）的生成、合并和发展。本文利用FNL分析资料和高分辨率模式对1521号台风“杜鹃”生成前3天进行数值模拟,着重探讨了“杜鹃”生成过程中MCS的发展演变特征。在“杜鹃”生成过程中,对流层上部槽（TUTT）位置偏东,“杜鹃”主要从季风涡旋（MG）的东南侧边缘向西北方向移动,因此,减弱的大尺度垂直风切和MG东南侧的低层辐合都为“杜鹃”的生成提供了有利的动力条件。在“杜鹃”生成前期阶段,新生成更多的MCS有利于在热带扰动阶段“杜鹃”的增强;“杜鹃”生成的中后期阶段,对流爆发,MCS发生合并使得MCS个数减少,MCS结构变得更加紧凑,面积最大的MCS逐渐向热带扰动中心区域收缩,“杜鹃”生成速度加快。对比MCS中的层云降水和对流云降水的特征发现,MCS中层云降水覆盖面积更大;对流云降水的降雨率比层云的降雨率更大,同时变化幅度更明显。层云降水百分比的增加与“杜鹃”增强的过程关系密切,但对流云降水的降雨率增加有利于MCS增强,层云和对流云的共同作用促进了“杜鹃”生成。  相似文献   

A Possible Means of Improving the Accuracy of Refraction Delay Correction of Neutral Atmosphere     

《Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics》2007,31(2):211-220

The space geodetic technology requires an accurate model of correction of refraction delay by the neutral atmosphere that varies from one observing station to another, and from one azimuth to the next. It is pointed out that under the present condition the astronomical refraction can not yet be directly determined, any correction model because of its high dependence on the assumed atmospheric distribution, is incapable of achieving the required accuracy or of improving the cut-off altitude. In this paper, based on the special properties of the lower latitude meridian circle at Yunnan Observatory and our experience of determining atmospheric refraction therewith, a new method is proposed for improving the accuracy of refraction delay correction. Namely, the measured data of astronomical refraction of an observing station from near zenith to low altitudes in different azimuths are used to evaluate the refractivities and the parameters of the mapping functions, thereby establishing a model of atmospheric refraction delay correction that varies with the observing station and the azimuth. Since it is unnecessary for the new method to adopt any atmospheric distribution model, application of this new method will improve correction accuracy of refraction delay to better than 1mm at zenith and to centimeters at low altitudes, and improve the cut-off altitude to below 5 degrees.  相似文献